In 2025, the world’s cleanest countries are not just global leaders in environmental health—they are also innovators in climate policy, renewable energy, and sustainable development. These nations have earned top rankings through rigorous assessment by the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) and the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI), which together provide the most authoritative and data-driven evaluations of national environmental performance.

The EPI, developed by Yale and Columbia Universities, uses 58 indicators across 11 categories—ranging from air and water quality to biodiversity and climate policy—to rank 180 countries on how well they meet sustainability targets. The CCPI, meanwhile, evaluates 63 countries and the EU, covering over 90% of global greenhouse gas emissions, and assesses performance in GHG emissions, renewable energy, energy use, and climate policy.

These indices are vital tools for policymakers, businesses, and communities, offering a granular view of each country’s strengths and weaknesses, helping to set targets, track trends, and identify best practices for a sustainable future. High-ranking countries benefit from advanced regulatory frameworks, greener infrastructure, and new market opportunities for sustainable technologies. Here’s a closer look at what sets each of the top 10 apart in 2025:

1. Estonia (EPI Score: 75.3)

Estonia leads the world in cleanliness and sustainability, thanks to its extensive forest cover, effective use of bioenergy, and a strong focus on natural resource management. The country has set ambitious climate goals, including a 70% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2050.

Estonia achieved an 11.3% emissions reduction in late 2024, outpacing the rest of the EU, even as its economy grew. The capital, Tallinn, has become a beacon of urban sustainability, winning the ITB Earth Award 2025 for its zero-waste Song and Dance Celebration, which drastically cut single-use plastics and promoted circular economy practices.

Estonia’s environmental policies have also led to Europe’s cleanest air and ongoing investments in wind, solar, and energy storage. However, the country faces challenges in fully phasing out fossil fuels and balancing biomass production with forest conservation.

2. Luxembourg (EPI Score: 75.0)

Luxembourg stands out as a small nation with outsized environmental achievements, earning an EPI score of 75.0 in 2024 and a 4.1-point rise over the past decade. The country leads the world in water management, boasting a near-perfect score of 90.6 in Water Resources and an astounding 99.8 in Sanitation & Drinking Water. Over 55% of Luxembourg’s land is protected, contributing to a top-tier biodiversity score of 84.8.

The nation’s capital has pioneered green investments, while advanced wastewater treatment and strict EU-aligned standards keep pollution low. While Luxembourg excels in ecosystem vitality and heavy metal pollution control, it continues to work on reducing per capita greenhouse gas emissions and curbing tree cover loss.

3. Germany (EPI Score: 74.6)

Germany ranks third globally with an EPI score of 74.6 in 2024, marking a 4.4-point improvement over ten years. The country treats 100% of its urban wastewater, achieving a high 89.1 in Water Resources, and protects a significant share of its land and seas, reflected in its 82.4 Biodiversity & Habitat score.

Germany’s robust environmental policies are complemented by massive investments in green infrastructure and renewable energy. The nation’s cities are recognized for clean air, efficient public transport, and progressive urban planning. Germany’s approach demonstrates that sustainability can go hand in hand with industrial progress, though ongoing industrial emissions remain a challenge.

4. Finland (EPI Score: 73.7)

Finland secures the fourth spot with a 2024 EPI score of 73.7, though this reflects a slight decrease from its 2014 score. The country is a global leader in public health, scoring a perfect 100.0 in both Sanitation & Drinking Water and Heavy Metals. Finland’s well-managed forests, protected natural areas, and clean air contribute to its strong ecosystem vitality.

The nation’s deep cultural connection to nature is evident in its policies, which seamlessly integrate sustainability into daily life. Finland’s challenge lies in maintaining its high standards amid growing urbanization and climate pressures.

5. United Kingdom (EPI Score: 72.7)

The United Kingdom earns an EPI score of 72.7 in 2024, up by 2.1 points over the past decade. The UK has made significant progress in reducing carbon emissions, largely through aggressive wind energy deployment and expanded recycling programs. Urban green spaces and biodiversity conservation have improved city livability and environmental health.

The UK continues to update its climate policies to meet international targets, but faces ongoing challenges with air quality in some metropolitan areas and the need for further emissions reductions.

6. Sweden (EPI Score: 70.5)

Sweden ranks sixth with a 2024 EPI score of 70.5, showing a modest 1.6-point increase over ten years. The country’s energy mix is dominated by hydropower and wind, and it is a pioneer in negative emissions technologies.

Sweden’s cities are models of sustainable urban development, and the nation’s commitment to clean air, water, and biodiversity is unwavering. However, Sweden faces pressure to further reduce emissions from transportation and industry to meet its ambitious climate goals.

7. Norway (EPI Score: 70.0)

Norway holds the seventh position with a 2024 EPI score of 70.0, up 3.6 points over the last decade. The country boasts nearly universal access to clean drinking water and sanitation, and its electricity is almost entirely supplied by hydropower.

Norway’s proactive climate policies and investments in electric mobility and carbon capture have resulted in some of the world’s lowest per capita emissions. The country’s challenge is balancing oil and gas exports with its climate commitments.

8. Austria (EPI Score: 69.0)

Austria scores 69.0 on the 2024 EPI, reflecting a slight decrease of 0.3 points over ten years. The country excels in maintaining clean cities and countryside through strict agricultural and chemical regulations. Austria’s public transport system and urban planning support eco-living, while strong environmental laws ensure high water quality and effective waste management.

Austria’s challenge is to address areas of stagnation and reinvigorate progress on climate adaptation and emissions reduction.

9. Switzerland (EPI Score: 68.0)

Switzerland earns a 2024 EPI score of 68.0, up 1.8 points over the last decade. The country is renowned for its pristine landscapes, robust waste management, and advanced water treatment systems.

Switzerland’s environmental protection laws and public engagement in sustainability initiatives help maintain high living standards and ecological health. However, Switzerland must continue to innovate in renewable energy and reduce its ecological footprint to stay ahead.

10. Denmark (EPI Score: 67.9)

Denmark rounds out the top ten with an EPI score of 67.9 in 2024, a 1.7-point increase over ten years. The nation is a global leader in wind energy and urban planning that prioritizes cycling and green spaces. Denmark’s comprehensive recycling policies and low pollution levels make it a model for clean living. 

The country’s ongoing challenge is to further cut emissions from agriculture and transportation while maintaining economic growth.

How Are These Rankings Determined?

Environmental Performance Index (EPI):

• Uses 58 indicators across 11 categories, including air quality, water and sanitation, biodiversity, habitat protection, and climate policy.
• Weights environmental health (40%) and ecosystem vitality (60%) to reflect both immediate human well-being and long-term sustainability.
• Draws data from the WHO, UN, and other global agencies, providing a scorecard for each country and highlighting leaders and laggards.

Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI):

• Assesses four main categories: GHG emissions (40%), renewable energy (20%), energy use (20%), and climate policy (20%).
• Uses 14 indicators, combining quantitative data (from IEA, FAO, UNFCCC) and qualitative expert assessments of national and international climate policy.
• Covers 63 countries and the EU, representing over 90% of global GHG emissions.

These indices are not just academic—they guide policy, inform investment, and help countries benchmark progress toward sustainability goals. High-ranking countries typically have strong regulatory frameworks, transparent governance, and engaged civil societies, making them attractive for sustainable business and investment.

Why Does This Matter?

• Policy Guidance: Countries use EPI and CCPI data to set targets, track trends, and refine environmental policies.
• Business and Investment: High scores signal a favorable environment for green investment and sustainable business operations.
• Public Health: Clean air, water, and effective waste management directly improve quality of life and reduce healthcare costs.
• Global Leadership: These nations serve as models for others striving to balance economic growth with environmental stewardship.

Summary point

As environmental challenges grow increasingly urgent worldwide, the achievements of these top 10 cleanest countries in 2025 offer both inspiration and a practical roadmap for sustainable development. Their success demonstrates that with visionary leadership, innovative technologies, and committed public participation, it is possible to safeguard natural resources, improve public health, and foster economic growth simultaneously.

By learning from their policies and practices, other nations can accelerate their own journeys toward a cleaner, greener, and more resilient future—ensuring a healthier planet for generations to come

As of mid-2025, the landscape of international mobility is more competitive than ever, as highlighted by the latest Henley Passport Index. This year's report underscores the impact of expanding visa-waiver programs, evolving geopolitical dynamics, and proactive diplomatic efforts on global travel freedom.

Overview of the Top Passports

The global average passport allows access to 109 destinations, but the most powerful passports offer far greater advantages. Based on Henley’s July 2025 findings, the following countries boast the highest-ranking passports:

1. Singapore

Singapore continues to lead the pack with its passport granting access to 193 destinations without requiring prior visas. The nation’s success stems from its strategic diplomatic initiatives and a stable economic environment, which have been pivotal in securing travel freedoms for its citizens. Singapore's Foreign Ministry has been proactive in fostering mutual visa waivers and strengthening diplomatic ties globally, allowing its citizens to enjoy seamless travel across continents.

2. Japan

Japan shares the second position, offering visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 190 destinations. The Japanese government actively pursues bilateral visa-waiver agreements, particularly focusing on Latin America and Southeast Asia to enhance travel mobility. In 2025, Japan expanded its agreements to include countries like Brazil and Vietnam, showcasing its commitment to increasing international connectivity. Japan’s passport is further strengthened by its low overstay rates and high document integrity.

3. Denmark

Denmark ranks third, allowing its citizens to travel to 189 destinations with ease. The Danish government's extensive network of over 60 reciprocal visa-exemption treaties, complemented by its Schengen membership, bolsters its passport's strength.

Denmark has recently signed new agreements with Caribbean nations and Central Asian states, enhancing travel opportunities for its citizens. The country’s robust governance and clear immigration policies are key factors in maintaining its strong mobility ranking.

4. Austria

In fourth place, Austria provides access to 188 destinations. Utilizing its neutral stance in international diplomacy and active participation in the Schengen Zone, Austria negotiates favorable visa agreements, especially with countries in Africa and South America. The Austrian passport features advanced biometric security, and the country is known for its comprehensive diplomatic assistance, which helps its citizens navigate international travel with ease.

5. Greece

Greece holds the fifth spot, enabling its citizens to visit 187 destinations without pre-arrival visas. The country’s EU membership and its strategic Mediterranean location facilitate the expansion of visa-waiver agreements.

In 2025, Greece added new agreements with several Pacific and Central American nations to its portfolio. The Greek Tourism Organization works closely with the Foreign Ministry to promote these travel freedoms, leveraging Greece's cultural diplomacy to enhance global mobility.

6. United Kingdom

The United Kingdom ranks sixth, with access to 186 destinations without needing pre-departure visas. Despite the complexities following Brexit, the UK effectively utilizes its Commonwealth connections to maintain robust travel freedoms.

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) is continually working on expanding reciprocal visa-waiver agreements, recently securing enhanced access for its citizens to Gulf Cooperation Council members, which has been vital for business and tourism.

7. Australia

Australia comes in seventh place, offering access to 185 destinations. The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade actively promotes travel through bilateral agreements and APEC Business Travel Cards, enhancing its citizens' mobility.

Australia’s image as an open, globally connected nation is reinforced through various tourism campaigns that highlight these travel freedoms. The country’s high passport security standards and low overstay rates further support its strong position in the rankings.

8. United Arab Emirates

The UAE occupies eighth place, providing its citizens with access to 184 destinations visa-free or with on-arrival options. Since 2015, the UAE has secured over 40 new visa-waiver agreements, showcasing its commitment to expanding travel privileges. The UAE’s proactive diplomatic efforts have resulted in recent agreements with numerous African and Latin American countries, contributing to its rapid rise in the passport rankings.

9. Croatia

Croatia ranks ninth, allowing citizens to travel to 183 destinations easily. The country’s entry into the Schengen Zone in 2023 significantly improved its passport power by facilitating new visa-exemption agreements, particularly with Southeast Asian nations. The Croatian government actively promotes its tourism and cultural heritage, enhancing its diplomatic outreach and encouraging more bilateral agreements.

10. Iceland

Rounding out the top ten, Iceland offers access to 182 destinations. As a member of the Schengen Area, Iceland benefits from enhanced mobility rights and actively negotiates additional bilateral agreements through the Ministry of Justice and the Interior. Iceland's reputation for political neutrality, along with its secure biometric passports, supports its strong global standing, making it a favorable passport for international travelers.

Insights into Ranking Methodology

The Henley Passport Index is built on data sourced from IATA’s Timatic database, which compiles visa regulations from governmental and embassy announcements. The index evaluates only those destinations that permit visa-free entry or visa-on-arrival access, excluding electronic visas and pre-departure applications. This focus provides a clear snapshot of immediate travel freedom.

The 2025 rankings emphasize the critical role of diplomatic relationships, regional integration, and strategic outreach in shaping passport power. As global travel continues to rebound and evolve post-pandemic, these rankings serve as a vital benchmark for assessing the mobility opportunities available to citizens around the world.

The United States, while still within the top ten, has seen a decline in its ranking, marking its lowest position in two decades. This shift underscores the growing competition in passport strength and the need for ongoing diplomatic efforts to maintain travel freedoms.

Qatar has retained its position in the latest quarterly update of the Henley Passport Index, ranking 47th globally and second among Middle Eastern countries. Released on July 22, 2025, the ranking evaluates 199 passports based on the number of destinations accessible without prior visa requirements. Qatari passport holders currently enjoy visa-free access to 112 destinations out of 227 worldwide.

GCC Rankings

Within the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), Qatar ranks second after the United Arab Emirates (UAE), which climbed two spots to reach 8th place, allowing visa-free access to 184 destinations. Other Gulf nations are ranked as follows:

Kuwait: 50th (100 destinations)
Saudi Arabia: 54th (91 destinations)
Bahrain: 55th (90 destinations)
Oman: 56th (88 destinations)

This positioning reflects the growing diplomatic relations and international agreements these countries are forging, enhancing travel freedom for their citizens.

Asian Nations Lead

Asian countries continue to lead in global mobility. Singapore holds the top position, granting its citizens visa-free access to 193 destinations. Japan and South Korea share second place with access to 190 destinations each. Notably, India made its largest-ever improvement, rising eight spots to 77th, with visa-free access to 59 destinations. This leap is attributed to India's increasing diplomatic ties and active participation in international forums.

US and UK Decline

Once the holders of the most powerful passports, the US and UK continue to fall in the rankings. The United States has dropped to 10th place, with visa-free access to 182 destinations, marking its lowest position in the index's 20-year history. Factors contributing to this decline include shifting global dynamics and stricter visa policies from other nations. The United Kingdom fell to 6th place, allowing access to 186 destinations, which reflects the post-Brexit landscape affecting its global standing.

Countries with the Most Citizens in Qatar

• India: 77th (59 destinations)
• Bangladesh: 94th (39 destinations)
• Nepal: 95th (38 destinations)
• Egypt: 85th (49 destinations)
• Philippines: 72nd (65 destinations)
• Pakistan: 96th (32 destinations)
• Sri Lanka: 91st (42 destinations)
• Sudan: 92nd (41 destinations)
• Syria: 98th (27 destinations)
• Jordan: 84th (51 destinations)

The presence of these nationalities in Qatar underscores the country’s appeal as a destination for expatriates, largely driven by its economic opportunities and quality of life.

World’s Most Powerful Passports (As of July 2025)

• Singapore: 193 destinations
• Japan, South Korea: 190 destinations
• Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Spain: 189 destinations
• Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sweden: 188 destinations
• Greece, New Zealand, Switzerland: 187 destinations
• United Kingdom: 186 destinations
• Australia, Czechia, Hungary, Malta, Poland: 185 destinations
• Canada, Estonia, United Arab Emirates: 184 destinations
• Croatia, Latvia, Slovakia, Slovenia: 183 destinations
• Iceland, Lithuania, United States: 182 destinations

At the bottom of the index, Afghanistan ranks 99th, with visa-free access to only 25 destinations. Syria follows at 98th with 27 countries, and Iraq is 97th with access to 30 destinations. These rankings highlight the significant challenges faced by citizens of these countries in terms of global mobility.

The Henley Passport Index is compiled using exclusive data from the International Air Transport Association (IATA), updated quarterly to rank passports based on the number of accessible destinations.

Dr. Juerg Steffen, CEO of Henley & Partners, stated, “A passport today is more than a travel document. It reflects a country’s diplomatic influence, global integration, and foreign policy priorities." This perspective emphasizes the importance of continued diplomatic engagement for improving passport strength and global standing.

Gisborne Airport in New Zealand stands out as the only airport in the world where a railway line crosses directly through the middle of its main runway. Located on the eastern coast of New Zealand’s North Island, the airport is uniquely intersected by the Palmerston North–Gisborne railway line, which divides the main runway nearly in half.

This remarkable feature means that planes and trains must take turns using the shared path—when a train is scheduled to cross, aircraft must wait, and vice versa. The airport actively manages railway signals, ensuring that trains can be halted to allow safe landing and takeoff of planes.

Operations at both the airport and the railway typically run from 6:30 am to 8:30 pm daily; after hours, the runway is closed for safety. Coordinating schedules for both means precise planning is required, as each entity must yield to ensure smooth operations—a logistical feat managed by airport staff.

Notably, while Wynyard Airport in Tasmania once had a similar arrangement, it stopped rail operations in 2005, leaving Gisborne as the sole airport worldwide with this active crossover today.

Despite being a regional airport, Gisborne handles over 60 domestic flights per week and serves more than 150,000 passengers each year. The sight of a train and an aircraft patiently waiting for one another on the runway often fascinates travelers and is a popular topic on social media.

In addition to its engineering novelty, Gisborne Airport is a key entry point to the region’s natural attractions, but it is the rare intersection of rail and air transport that makes it unique in the aviation world.

On 22 July 2025, Dubai, UAE, the Emirates Group launched an extensive global talent acquisition campaign aimed at recruiting 17,300 professionals during the current financial year. This hiring goal is symbolic, matching the population size of a mid-size town or the seating capacity of 58 Airbus A350 aircraft. The recruitment drive is part of the Group’s ongoing expansion strategy, reinforcing its industry-leading position.

The available opportunities span across 350 different roles across Emirates and dnata, the two flagship businesses under the Group. Emirates, recognized as the world’s most profitable and largest international airline, along with dnata, a global leader in air and travel services, are looking to fill positions that include cabin crew, pilots, engineers, commercial and sales teams, customer service, ground handling, catering, IT, human resources, and finance. Notably, dnata alone seeks over 4,000 specialists in cargo, catering, and ground handling operations.

HH Sheikh Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum, Chairman and Chief Executive of Emirates Airline & Group, emphasized that this ambitious recruitment is aligned with Dubai’s Economic Agenda D33 and the Group’s growth trajectory. He expressed that the goal is to attract world-class talent capable of driving innovation, excellence, and the future transformation of the aviation industry. He views this initiative as an opportunity for skilled professionals to become integral to the Group’s ongoing success and expansion.

To reach potential candidates globally, the Emirates Group will hold over 2,100 open days and various talent acquisition events across 150 cities throughout the year. These events will provide a chance for prospective pilots, IT professionals, engineers, and cabin crew members to engage directly with recruitment teams and long-serving Emirates employees sharing their experiences. In addition to international outreach, Dubai-based events will focus on involving UAE national students and graduates, supporting national workforce development.

Since 2022, the Emirates Group has recruited more than 41,000 professionals, with nearly 27,000 in operational roles, contributing to the current workforce size of approximately 121,000 employees. The Group continues to be a magnet for talent around the world due to its strong brand reputation, people-centric policies, tax-free remuneration, comprehensive benefits, and esteemed training and career development programs.

In the past financial year alone, the Group received in excess of 3.7 million job applications, illustrating its global appeal. Candidates are drawn to Dubai not only for professional opportunities but also for the city’s safety, economic stability, advanced technological infrastructure, forward-looking policies, and vibrant lifestyle.

For those residing in Dubai and working for the Emirates Group, benefits are extensive, including eligibility for profit sharing, comprehensive medical and life insurance coverage, a wide array of travel benefits encompassing annual and service-related leave tickets, concessional rates for family and friends, discounted cargo rates, and membership privileges unlocking reductions at hundreds of retail, hospitality, and lifestyle destinations.

Candidates interested in joining the Emirates Group can explore available positions and upcoming recruitment events worldwide by visiting the Group’s official careers portal. This recruitment drive showcases the Emirates Group’s unwavering commitment to growth, innovation, and maintaining its status as a global employer of choice, while welcoming talented professionals prepared to contribute to shaping the future of aviation.

In a landmark move to simplify travel and enhance bilateral relations, Kuwaiti citizens can now apply for Indian e-visas entirely online beginning Monday, July 14, 2025. The announcement was made by Dr. Adarsh Swaika, India’s Ambassador to Kuwait, who described the launch as a “qualitative shift” in India-Kuwait engagement.

The new digital platform covers five visa categories: tourism, business, medical, conference, and AYUSH (alternative medicine including yoga and Ayurveda). Applicants no longer need to visit visa centers; all steps including application submission, document upload, and payment are completed online.

Key features of the e-visa system include:

Tourist visas valid for up to five years at a fee of $80
Other visa fees range from $40 to $80 depending on type and duration
Biometric data collection upon arrival at Indian airports
Typical processing time of three to four days, with minor technical issues possible during rollout

Ambassador Swaika emphasized that this initiative responds to a long-standing request from Kuwaiti citizens and reflects the deep historic and cultural ties between the two nations. The move also aligns with India’s broader efforts to modernize consular services and strengthen diplomatic and people-to-people connections in the Gulf region.

The e-visa allows for a variety of short-term activities such as tourism, business meetings, medical treatment (including under Indian traditional medicine systems), attending conferences, and participation in yoga or Ayurveda programs.

Applicants must hold a passport valid for at least six months and possess a return or onward ticket. The Indian Consulate in Kuwait will continue to accept paper visa applications for those who prefer traditional processing.

This digital visa rollout is expected to boost travel, trade, and cultural exchange between India and Kuwait, supporting the growing interest among Kuwaitis in Indian tourism, healthcare, and business opportunities.
For more information and to apply, Kuwaiti citizens can access the official Indian e-visa portal, which provides guidance in both English and Arabic.

This development marks a significant step forward in facilitating seamless cross-border travel and enhancing the longstanding friendship between India and Kuwait.