
KARACHI, May 21, 2025 — Pakistan is set to extend the closure of its airspace for Indian flights for another month, with an official announcement expected by Thursday. The move follows a National Security Committee (NSC) meeting earlier this month, where Pakistan resolved to maintain the ban after India took what it termed "provocative steps" following the deadly Pahalgam attack in April.
A Notice to Airmen (Notam) will be issued once the extension is confirmed. Under International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) rules, airspace restrictions cannot exceed one month at a time, requiring periodic renewals.
The restrictions, which apply to both commercial and military aircraft, are a response to heightened tensions between the nuclear-armed neighbors. The crisis escalated after an armed attack in Pahalgam, Indian Illegally Occupied Jammu and Kashmir (IIOJK), which killed 26 tourists. India retaliated by closing its airspace to Pakistani flights on April 23, prompting Islamabad to reciprocate the following day.
Escalation and Military Response
Further tensions erupted when India launched attacks on multiple Pakistani cities on May 6–7. In response, Pakistan’s armed forces initiated a large-scale retaliatory operation, "Operation Bunyan-um-Marsoos," targeting several Indian military sites on May 10. The conflict prompted global powers to intervene, resulting in a ceasefire that remains in effect.
Aviation Fallout
While Pakistan’s aviation sector remains largely unaffected—with only one eastbound flight rerouted via China and limited Far East operations—Indian airlines are reeling from the fallout. Indian carriers are estimated to have lost over Rs8 billion in the past month alone, with Rs5 billion attributed to additional fuel costs and Rs3 billion to forced stopovers for long-haul flights.
Indian airlines operating Boeing 777 and Airbus A320 family aircraft are enduring 2 to 4 extra hours of flight time per journey. With about 150 flights rerouted daily, fuel consumption has skyrocketed. At current jet fuel prices, Indian airlines are spending nearly $557,625 daily on extra fuel—totaling over Rs5 billion in a month.
Extended travel times have also triggered crew duty hour limitations, requiring crew changes at transit airports, and adding costs for landing fees, refuelling, and airport services. These stopover expenses have amounted to between Rs2.5 and Rs3 billion over the past 30 days.
Air India is reportedly the worst-hit, seeking government financial support. Other airlines, including Akasa Air, SpiceJet, IndiGo, and Air India Express, are also facing operational disruptions. Flights from cities like Amritsar, Delhi, Ahmedabad, Bangalore, and Jaipur must now take longer western routes over the Arabian Sea, affecting connections to North America, Europe, and the Middle East.
Historical Context
This is not Pakistan’s first airspace closure targeting India. Similar restrictions were imposed during the 1999 Kargil conflict and the 2019 Pulwama crisis, both of which caused greater aviation disruptions for India than Pakistan.
Looking Ahead
If the ban persists and the Indian government does not provide special assistance, Indian airlines may be forced to take extraordinary measures to sustain operations. Meanwhile, Pakistani officials highlight that the conditions prompting the closure have not improved, and the aviation department is prepared to issue a new Notam before the current restriction period ends.