In 2025, the world’s cleanest countries are not just global leaders in environmental health—they are also innovators in climate policy, renewable energy, and sustainable development. These nations have earned top rankings through rigorous assessment by the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) and the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI), which together provide the most authoritative and data-driven evaluations of national environmental performance.

The EPI, developed by Yale and Columbia Universities, uses 58 indicators across 11 categories—ranging from air and water quality to biodiversity and climate policy—to rank 180 countries on how well they meet sustainability targets. The CCPI, meanwhile, evaluates 63 countries and the EU, covering over 90% of global greenhouse gas emissions, and assesses performance in GHG emissions, renewable energy, energy use, and climate policy.

These indices are vital tools for policymakers, businesses, and communities, offering a granular view of each country’s strengths and weaknesses, helping to set targets, track trends, and identify best practices for a sustainable future. High-ranking countries benefit from advanced regulatory frameworks, greener infrastructure, and new market opportunities for sustainable technologies. Here’s a closer look at what sets each of the top 10 apart in 2025:

1. Estonia (EPI Score: 75.3)

Estonia leads the world in cleanliness and sustainability, thanks to its extensive forest cover, effective use of bioenergy, and a strong focus on natural resource management. The country has set ambitious climate goals, including a 70% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2050.

Estonia achieved an 11.3% emissions reduction in late 2024, outpacing the rest of the EU, even as its economy grew. The capital, Tallinn, has become a beacon of urban sustainability, winning the ITB Earth Award 2025 for its zero-waste Song and Dance Celebration, which drastically cut single-use plastics and promoted circular economy practices.

Estonia’s environmental policies have also led to Europe’s cleanest air and ongoing investments in wind, solar, and energy storage. However, the country faces challenges in fully phasing out fossil fuels and balancing biomass production with forest conservation.

2. Luxembourg (EPI Score: 75.0)

Luxembourg stands out as a small nation with outsized environmental achievements, earning an EPI score of 75.0 in 2024 and a 4.1-point rise over the past decade. The country leads the world in water management, boasting a near-perfect score of 90.6 in Water Resources and an astounding 99.8 in Sanitation & Drinking Water. Over 55% of Luxembourg’s land is protected, contributing to a top-tier biodiversity score of 84.8.

The nation’s capital has pioneered green investments, while advanced wastewater treatment and strict EU-aligned standards keep pollution low. While Luxembourg excels in ecosystem vitality and heavy metal pollution control, it continues to work on reducing per capita greenhouse gas emissions and curbing tree cover loss.

3. Germany (EPI Score: 74.6)

Germany ranks third globally with an EPI score of 74.6 in 2024, marking a 4.4-point improvement over ten years. The country treats 100% of its urban wastewater, achieving a high 89.1 in Water Resources, and protects a significant share of its land and seas, reflected in its 82.4 Biodiversity & Habitat score.

Germany’s robust environmental policies are complemented by massive investments in green infrastructure and renewable energy. The nation’s cities are recognized for clean air, efficient public transport, and progressive urban planning. Germany’s approach demonstrates that sustainability can go hand in hand with industrial progress, though ongoing industrial emissions remain a challenge.

4. Finland (EPI Score: 73.7)

Finland secures the fourth spot with a 2024 EPI score of 73.7, though this reflects a slight decrease from its 2014 score. The country is a global leader in public health, scoring a perfect 100.0 in both Sanitation & Drinking Water and Heavy Metals. Finland’s well-managed forests, protected natural areas, and clean air contribute to its strong ecosystem vitality.

The nation’s deep cultural connection to nature is evident in its policies, which seamlessly integrate sustainability into daily life. Finland’s challenge lies in maintaining its high standards amid growing urbanization and climate pressures.

5. United Kingdom (EPI Score: 72.7)

The United Kingdom earns an EPI score of 72.7 in 2024, up by 2.1 points over the past decade. The UK has made significant progress in reducing carbon emissions, largely through aggressive wind energy deployment and expanded recycling programs. Urban green spaces and biodiversity conservation have improved city livability and environmental health.

The UK continues to update its climate policies to meet international targets, but faces ongoing challenges with air quality in some metropolitan areas and the need for further emissions reductions.

6. Sweden (EPI Score: 70.5)

Sweden ranks sixth with a 2024 EPI score of 70.5, showing a modest 1.6-point increase over ten years. The country’s energy mix is dominated by hydropower and wind, and it is a pioneer in negative emissions technologies.

Sweden’s cities are models of sustainable urban development, and the nation’s commitment to clean air, water, and biodiversity is unwavering. However, Sweden faces pressure to further reduce emissions from transportation and industry to meet its ambitious climate goals.

7. Norway (EPI Score: 70.0)

Norway holds the seventh position with a 2024 EPI score of 70.0, up 3.6 points over the last decade. The country boasts nearly universal access to clean drinking water and sanitation, and its electricity is almost entirely supplied by hydropower.

Norway’s proactive climate policies and investments in electric mobility and carbon capture have resulted in some of the world’s lowest per capita emissions. The country’s challenge is balancing oil and gas exports with its climate commitments.

8. Austria (EPI Score: 69.0)

Austria scores 69.0 on the 2024 EPI, reflecting a slight decrease of 0.3 points over ten years. The country excels in maintaining clean cities and countryside through strict agricultural and chemical regulations. Austria’s public transport system and urban planning support eco-living, while strong environmental laws ensure high water quality and effective waste management.

Austria’s challenge is to address areas of stagnation and reinvigorate progress on climate adaptation and emissions reduction.

9. Switzerland (EPI Score: 68.0)

Switzerland earns a 2024 EPI score of 68.0, up 1.8 points over the last decade. The country is renowned for its pristine landscapes, robust waste management, and advanced water treatment systems.

Switzerland’s environmental protection laws and public engagement in sustainability initiatives help maintain high living standards and ecological health. However, Switzerland must continue to innovate in renewable energy and reduce its ecological footprint to stay ahead.

10. Denmark (EPI Score: 67.9)

Denmark rounds out the top ten with an EPI score of 67.9 in 2024, a 1.7-point increase over ten years. The nation is a global leader in wind energy and urban planning that prioritizes cycling and green spaces. Denmark’s comprehensive recycling policies and low pollution levels make it a model for clean living. 

The country’s ongoing challenge is to further cut emissions from agriculture and transportation while maintaining economic growth.

How Are These Rankings Determined?

Environmental Performance Index (EPI):

• Uses 58 indicators across 11 categories, including air quality, water and sanitation, biodiversity, habitat protection, and climate policy.
• Weights environmental health (40%) and ecosystem vitality (60%) to reflect both immediate human well-being and long-term sustainability.
• Draws data from the WHO, UN, and other global agencies, providing a scorecard for each country and highlighting leaders and laggards.

Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI):

• Assesses four main categories: GHG emissions (40%), renewable energy (20%), energy use (20%), and climate policy (20%).
• Uses 14 indicators, combining quantitative data (from IEA, FAO, UNFCCC) and qualitative expert assessments of national and international climate policy.
• Covers 63 countries and the EU, representing over 90% of global GHG emissions.

These indices are not just academic—they guide policy, inform investment, and help countries benchmark progress toward sustainability goals. High-ranking countries typically have strong regulatory frameworks, transparent governance, and engaged civil societies, making them attractive for sustainable business and investment.

Why Does This Matter?

• Policy Guidance: Countries use EPI and CCPI data to set targets, track trends, and refine environmental policies.
• Business and Investment: High scores signal a favorable environment for green investment and sustainable business operations.
• Public Health: Clean air, water, and effective waste management directly improve quality of life and reduce healthcare costs.
• Global Leadership: These nations serve as models for others striving to balance economic growth with environmental stewardship.

Summary point

As environmental challenges grow increasingly urgent worldwide, the achievements of these top 10 cleanest countries in 2025 offer both inspiration and a practical roadmap for sustainable development. Their success demonstrates that with visionary leadership, innovative technologies, and committed public participation, it is possible to safeguard natural resources, improve public health, and foster economic growth simultaneously.

By learning from their policies and practices, other nations can accelerate their own journeys toward a cleaner, greener, and more resilient future—ensuring a healthier planet for generations to come

Flying in and out of Cape Town just got even more convenient this summer as international airlines ramp up their schedules to the Mother City. Qatar Airways, recently voted the World’s Best Airline for a record ninth time in 2025 by Skytrax, is adding two extra weekly flights from Doha, upping their total to 12 weekly services. This near double-daily frequency promises greater flexibility and potentially more competitive fares for travellers.

A highlight for tech-savvy flyers: Boeing 777 flights are fitted with Starlink, offering free in-flight internet access to stream Netflix and more while deciding between chicken or beef meals.

But Qatar is not alone in expanding; Norse Atlantic Airways, which launched its inaugural Cape Town flights last year, is back with increased service. Starting October 28, 2025, Norse will resume its seasonal route to London Gatwick with three weekly flights, scaling up to four weekly from December 2025 through April 2026. This route, serviced by Boeing 787 Dreamliners, offers budget-conscious travellers direct access to and from the UK with increased frequency and ease.

Meanwhile, French connection lovers have cause to celebrate as Air France returns with seasonal flights between Paris and Cape Town. From mid-December 2025 to mid-January 2026, it will operate daily services connecting these two iconic cities.

For those dreaming of tropical paradise, South African Airways is launching non-stop flights from Cape Town to Mauritius starting December 9, 2025. This new route offers a direct escape to sandy beaches and turquoise waters without the need to transit through Johannesburg.

With these enhanced offerings from major global airlines, Cape Town is poised to become an even more accessible and attractive destination for international travellers during the summer season and beyond.

A dramatic arc of water erupted over Emirates’ Boeing 777-300ER as Flight EK310 touched down at Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport on July 30, marking not just the arrival of a new daily flight but a new era of connectivity between the innovation capitals of Dubai and China’s Silicon Valley. The ceremonial water cannon salute, gift packages for inaugural passengers, and a VIP delegation comprising Emirates’ senior leaders all signaled a high-profile debut for the airline’s fifth mainland Chinese destination a feat achieved within a month of its last launch in Shenzhen.

Hangzhou, a city of over 2,000 years of cultural legacy and the birthplace of Alibaba, is fast earning its “China’s Silicon Valley” moniker as it leads advances in artificial intelligence, big data, and digital commerce. It’s this dual identity historic hub and digital trailblazer that Emirates is tapping into with its new daily service, connecting not just tourists but entrepreneurs, traders, and tech enthusiasts. “Connecting these two cities makes perfect sense,” said Sheikh Majid Al Mualla, Emirates’ Divisional Senior Vice President, International Affairs, highlighting both heritage and innovation.

The logistical backbone supporting this flight the Boeing 777-300ER boasts eight First class suites, 42 Business class seats, and 304 Economy seats, a total of 2,478 seats each week between Dubai and Hangzhou. For Hangzhou’s e-commerce giants and bustling manufacturing sector, it’s the sky-high cargo capacity that truly stands out. Each flight ferries up to 16 tonnes of high-value cargo, streamlining the movement of electronics, pharmaceuticals, perishables, and Alibaba’s e-commerce goods directly to global markets via Dubai.

This is a boon for UAE consumers and businesses, who now gain faster, more cost-effective access to Chinese products as Emirates SkyCargo leverages Hangzhou’s vast logistics infrastructure and digital trade ecosystem.
Dubai’s magnetism for Chinese travelers is surging: 2024 welcomed 824,000–830,000 Chinese tourists a 30–31% leap over 2023, fueled by enhanced connectivity, language-tailored services, and promotional events. Emirates’ expanded Chinese network now includes 49 weekly flights across Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and now Hangzhou, with onboard service tailored for Chinese passengers, including Mandarin-speaking crew and in-flight catering adjustments.

For business, Emirates’ rapid expansion in China two new routes in a single month has prompted a surge in corporate and labor traffic, as well as flows of overseas Chinese visiting families in Europe and beyond. “Before this route, Hangzhou passengers had to connect via Shanghai. Direct service makes the journey seamless and reflects strong demand from business, labor, and diaspora communities,” said Adam Li, Emirates’ Vice President – China.

Hangzhou’s digital economy industries generated over Dh1 trillion (¥2 trillion) in 2024, accounting for nearly a third of the city’s GDP. Its cross-border e-commerce exports are expected to exceed Dh70 billion by 2026—growth directly supported by Emirates’ expanded air corridor. As part of broader BRICS and Belt and Road initiatives, this route is more than an aviation milestone; it’s a statement of intent for commercial, cultural, and technological bridges between East and West.

For Emirates, the inaugural Hangzhou flight is a symbol of two decades of partnership with China. As new air corridors accelerate business flows, tourism, and digital commerce, the world’s horizons for travelers, entrepreneurs, and consumers alike just got a bit broader and a lot more connected.

Key Flight Facts:

• Route: Dubai (DXB) – Hangzhou (HGH)Aircraft: Boeing 777-300ER (8 First, 42 Business, 304 Economy)
• Flight times: EK310 departs Dubai 03:10, arrives Hangzhou 15:30; EK311 departs Hangzhou 00:10, arrives Dubai 04:55
• Cargo: 16 tonnes of bellyhold capacity per flight

Notable Growing Trends:

• 30–31% year-on-year increase in Chinese tourists to Dubai in 2024
• Hangzhou’s digital economy topped Dh1 trillion in 2024 revenue
• Emirates now operates 49 weekly flights between Dubai and China’s five key gateways

Emirates’ launch of daily flights to Hangzhou marks a new chapter for global connectivity, enabling the movement of people, ideas, and trade between two of the world’s most future-focused cities.

In a sweeping move to enhance global connectivity, Qatar Airways has unveiled its expanded winter 2025 schedule, increasing frequencies to over 15 international destinations and setting a new record with up to 10 daily flights between its Doha hub and London Heathrow. This monumental boost reaffirms the carrier’s commitment to providing greater choice and more flexible travel options for both leisure and business passengers worldwide.

More Destinations, More Choices

Travelers flying with Qatar Airways this winter will discover added flight options to key cities across Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas. The schedule climb includes:

London Heathrow: Now up to 10 daily flights, the highest-ever frequency for Qatar Airways to any single airport, complemented by British Airways’ double daily services.

Major frequency increases by city:

• Abu Dhabi – up to 6 daily flights
• Berlin – up to 21 weekly flights
• Cape Town – up to 12 weekly flights
• Dublin – up to 17 weekly flights
• Frankfurt – up to 21 weekly flights
• Johannesburg – up to 18 weekly flights
• Madrid – up to 17 weekly flights
• Maldives – up to 4 daily flights
• Manchester – up to 24 weekly flights
• Phuket – up to 4 daily flights
• São Paulo – up to 18 weekly flights
• Sharjah – up to 7 daily flights
• Tokyo Narita – up to 14 weekly flights
• Toronto – up to 7 weekly flights.

Additionally, in partnership with Virgin Australia, the Melbourne–Doha route expands to three daily services, and flights to Canberra will resume, further cementing Qatar Airways’ position as a leader in bridging Australia to the world.

Leadership in Sky-High Connectivity

Keeping pace with modern traveler expectations, Qatar Airways has swiftly equipped all 54 of its Boeing 777 aircraft with complimentary, ultra-fast Starlink Wi-Fi, offering gate-to-gate speeds of up to 500Mbps—available to all passengers, in all classes. The carrier stands as the first in the world to fully outfit and operate over 50 widebody jets with Starlink and remains the exclusive provider of this high-speed service in the Middle East and North Africa region.

The rollout is now expanding to the airline’s Airbus A350 fleet, targeted for completion within a year, making free, high-speed internet even more widely available to passengers journeying to Qatar Airways’ network of over 170 destinations.

Hospitality, Awards, and Environmental Commitment

Qatar Airways’ relentless focus on excellence continues to be recognized: it earned the coveted title of “World’s Best Airline” from Skytrax for a record ninth time in 2025, alongside honors for best business class and best airport lounge. Passengers also benefit from Hamad International Airport recently voted the “Best Airport in the Middle East” for the 11th consecutive year and lauded for its world-class shopping experiences.

Beyond customer experience, Qatar Airways leads as the first Middle Eastern airline to earn IATA’s top-level environmental certification and the inaugural global signatory for anti-wildlife trafficking standards highlighting its ongoing commitment to responsible travel.

As global demand rebounds, Qatar Airways’ expanded winter schedule and drive for onboard innovation solidify its role as a visionary in international aviation, offering travelers more destinations, more comfort, and more seamless connectivity than ever before.

A new chapter is set to take flight in Saudi Arabia’s aviation landscape with the announcement of a Dammam-based low-cost airline, led by UAE’s Air Arabia in partnership with Saudi firms Kun Investment Holding and Nesma Group. Far from just adding another budget carrier to an already bustling market, this initiative is a strategic move deeply aligned with Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 economic transformation plan, aiming to diversify the economy, boost tourism, and stimulate regional development.

Dammam, home to King Fahd International Airport Saudi Arabia’s third-largest and a crucial gateway for the Eastern Province, will serve as the airline’s headquarters. This marks a significant pivot from the usual Riyadh and Jeddah focus, placing Dammam at the heart of expanded connectivity efforts. The new carrier is designed to unlock the airport’s untapped potential as a hub linking underserved Tier-2 and Tier-3 cities like Abha, Jazan, and Tabuk with the Gulf capitals Doha, Manama, Kuwait City, and Sharjah, enhancing both domestic and regional access.

The airline is set for an ambitious start with a fleet of 45 aircraft, targeting to serve 81 destinations (24 domestic and 57 international), and plans to transport up to 10 million passengers annually by 2030. This expansion is expected to create over 2,400 direct jobs, boosting the local economy and increasing travel options with affordable fares and greater seat capacity.

Saudi Arabia’s domestic air travel demand has surged past 62 million passengers in 2023, fueled by growing religious tourism and the rise of mega leisure projects like NEOM and AlUla. The new airline aims to cater to these evolving travel patterns by providing competitive, budget-friendly flights that stimulate latent demand in ways the existing full-service carriers do not.

This move comes amid a robust aviation ecosystem supported by heavy investments over SR50 billion into airport modernization and privatization initiatives that tackle infrastructure bottlenecks, making the environment ripe for low-cost carrier growth. With two-thirds of Saudi Arabia’s 35 million population under 35 and rising consumer preferences toward budget travel, the regional aviation market is expanding rather than cannibalizing existing players like Flynas and flyadeal.

The Air Arabia-led consortium, combining regional low-cost expertise and local governance, symbolizes a mature approach to Gulf aviation partnerships. It contrasts with the less successful ventures by foreign carriers lacking regional rooting, emphasizing the importance of cost discipline, fleet strategy, and market alignment to thrive in the Kingdom.

In essence, this new Saudi low-cost airline launching from Dammam is a calculated strategic lever not a gamble to energize the Eastern Province, strengthen regional connectivity, and underpin the Kingdom’s economic diversification through tourism and transport. Its success will hinge on local responsiveness, disciplined operations, and the ability to integrate seamlessly with Saudi Arabia’s broader national vision.

This pioneering airline, expected to begin flights by late 2026, is more than a carrier it is a bold statement on Saudi Arabia’s evolving aviation ambitions and a beacon for the future of budget travel in the region.

In a landmark moment for both its fleet and passenger experience, Etihad Airways has received its first Airbus A321LR at the Airbus Finkenwerder facility in Hamburg a major milestone in the airline’s growth trajectory and a bold step in redefining single-aisle travel.

The new A321LR is the first of 30 such jets set to join the Abu Dhabi-based carrier, ushering in a new era where widebody amenities and luxurious innovations are available on shorter routes. Etihad’s CEO, Antonoaldo Neves, hailed the delivery as “an extraordinary moment,” emphasizing the airline’s mission to deliver “luxury at every altitude” and across its expanding global network.

Among the jet’s standout features is Etihad’s inaugural narrowbody First Suites cabin—a first for the airline. These private suites offer sliding doors, fully-flat beds, and bespoke design touches reminiscent of the airline’s long-haul flagship products. Window seats are further enhanced by 20-inch 4K screens, Bluetooth pairing, wireless charging, and companion seating, blurring the line between widebody and narrowbody experiences.

The 14-seat Business Class cabin features a 1-1 herringbone layout akin to widebody flagships, with direct aisle and window access for every guest. Each seat sports a 17.3-inch 4K screen, wireless charging, and Bluetooth connectivity, elevating comfort and privacy on short-haul journeys.

Etihad’s Economy Class also receives a premium upgrade, offering 144 seats with extra space, 13.3-inch 4K seatback touchscreens, USB charging, and Bluetooth connection for personal headphones plus over a thousand hours of content. Increased overhead luggage space also brings widebody convenience to the narrowbody segment.

Airbus Executive Vice President Sales, Benoît de Saint-Exupéry, commented on the delivery: “The arrival of Etihad’s first Airbus A321LR symbolizes innovation and partnership, deepening the longstanding bond between Airbus and the UAE. This aircraft sets a new comfort benchmark for single-aisle jets and expands Etihad’s global reach from Abu Dhabi.”

The A321LR is also equipped with next-generation Viasat Wi-Fi, promising lightning-fast speeds reaching 100’s of Mbps for uninterrupted streaming, browsing, and gaming at cruising altitude. This gate-to-gate connectivity will be available on Asian routes from September 2025, ensuring travelers stay productive and entertained throughout their journey.

Set to debut commercially on 1 August 2025 on the Abu Dhabi–Phuket route, the A321LR will soon serve a diverse mix of both short- and medium-haul destinations, including Bangkok, Copenhagen, Milan, Paris, Tunis, Zurich, and more. The aircraft’s arrival is a key pillar in Etihad’s “Journey 2030” vision to reinforce Abu Dhabi as a world-class aviation hub and support the airline’s goal of reaching 38 million annual passengers by 2030.

With another nine A321LRs landing in 2025 and an ambitious slate of 27 new routes in a single year, Etihad is poised to bring the luxury of widebody flying to more travelers and more destinations than ever before—raising the bar for what’s possible in single-aisle aviation.